Dietary supplements and alternative therapies help expedite healing when used alone or in conjunction with existing treatment plans. With effective use, these therapies reduce the need for medication or invasive procedures.
Specific natural treatments that promote tendon healing are discussed below.
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Speed up tendon repair through targeted nutrition
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Tendons are primarily made up of the protein collagen.1Khatri M, Naughton RJ, Clifford T, Harper LD, Corr L. The effects of collagen peptide supplementation on body composition, collagen synthesis, and recovery from joint injury and exercise: a systematic review. Amino Acids. 2021;53(10):1493-1506. doi:10.1007/s00726-021-03072-x Not getting enough nutrients that help build collagen slows down tendon healing.
Foods and supplements that provide the raw materials for collagen formation and help expedite tendon repair are discussed below.2Curtis L. Nutritional research may be useful in treating tendon injuries. Nutrition. 2016;32(6):617-619. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.039,3Hijlkema A, Roozenboom C, Mensink M, Zwerver J. The impact of nutrition on tendon health and tendinopathy: a systematic review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2022;19(1):474-504. Published 2022 Aug 3. doi:10.1080/15502783.2022.2104130
- Vitamin C regulates the function of enzymes that synthesize collagen and reduce oxidative stress.4DePhillipo NN, Aman ZS, Kennedy MI, Begley JP, Moatshe G, LaPrade RF. Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(10):2325967118804544. Published 2018 Oct 25. doi:10.1177/2325967118804544 Common dietary sources of vitamin C include tomatoes, citrus fruits, and broccoli. Vitamin C is also widely available in supplemental form as oral capsules and tablets.
- Protein is needed to stimulate tendon growth, and protein deficiencies have the potential to impede the healing of muscles and tendons after a rotator cuff injury.5Hijlkema A, Roozenboom C, Mensink M, Zwerver J. The impact of nutrition on tendon health and tendinopathy: a systematic review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2022;19(1):474-504. Published 2022 Aug 3. doi:10.1080/15502783.2022.2104130 Whey protein is a high-quality, easily digestible protein that meets the nutrition demands for tendon repair. Alternatively, increasing the intake of foods rich in protein, such as beans, lean meats, poultry, and fish, also has the potential to aid tendon repair.
- Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements hasten tendon and ligament repair through collagen synthesis.6Lippiello L. Collagen Synthesis in tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to a combination of Glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007;4(2):219-224. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel081,7Huri G, Familiari F, McFarland EG. Treatment options for rotator cuff tear arthropathy. Seminars in Arthroplasty 2014 Mar 1 (Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 13-16). WB Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sart.2014.02.002
- Minerals, such as manganese, zinc, and copper, promote the synthesis of collagen.8Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Infantino V, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Perna S, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Tartara A. Essentiality of manganese for bone health: An overview and update. Natural Product Communications. 2021 May;16(5):1934578X211016649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X211016649 These minerals are found in nuts, seeds, legumes, and shellfish. A deficiency of these minerals impedes collagen synthesis, and taking multivitamins that contain these minerals ensures meeting the daily requirements.
- Amino acids, such as leucine, glutamine, and arginine, are the building blocks of collagen protein.9Barbosa AW, Benevides GP, Alferes LM, Salomão EM, Gomes-Marcondes MC, Gomes L. A leucine-rich diet and exercise affect the biomechanical characteristics of the digital flexor tendon in rats after nutritional recovery. Amino Acids. 2012;42(1):329-336. doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0810-1,10Williams JZ, Abumrad N, Barbul A. Effect of a specialized amino acid mixture on human collagen deposition. Ann Surg. 2002;236(3):369-375. doi:10.1097/00000658-200209000-00013 Alongside supplements, you can find these amino acids in protein-rich foods, such as meat and milk.
- Bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapples, facilitates the breakdown of protein to produce amino acids. These amino acids are then used to synthesize new proteins, such as collagen. Bromelain is available in pill form and has been shown to improve outcomes after rotator cuff surgery when used in combination with other supplements.11Gumina S, Passaretti D, Gurzì MD, Candela V. Arginine L-alpha-ketoglutarate, methylsulfonylmethane, hydrolyzed type I collagen and bromelain in rotator cuff tear repair: a prospective randomized study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(11):1767-1774. doi:10.1185/03007995.2012.737772
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In addition to promoting the growth of new collagen, part of the tendon repair process involves reducing inflammation.
Supplements like fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids) and turmeric (curcumin) have been shown to effectively reduce inflammation and consequently alleviate pain.12Sandford FM, Sanders TA, Wilson H, Lewis JS. A randomised controlled trial of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of rotator cuff related shoulder pain. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000414. Published 2018 Oct 19. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000414,13Güleç A, Türk Y, Aydin BK, Erkoçak ÖF, Safalı S, Ugurluoglu C. Effect of curcumin on tendon healing: an experimental study in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. Int Orthop. 2018;42(8):1905-1910. doi:10.1007/s00264-018-4017-5 Furthermore, foods like red cabbage, red grapes, cherries, apples, and blueberries contain cyanidin, a pigment that aids in inflammation reduction.14Sun Y, Li L. Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits inflammatory activities in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2018;45(10):1038-1045. doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12970
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