1. Which of the following would not be an expected sign of right-sided congestive heart failure?
a. Prominent jugular veinb. Hepatomegalyc. Pulmonary edemad. Pleural effusionAnswer
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2. Which statement is true regarding Starling’s law of the heart?a. Decreased preload leads to increased stroke volume and decreased contractility b. Increased preload leads to increased stroke volume and increased contractilityc. Increased preload leads to decreased stroke volume and increased contractility d. Decreased preload leads to decreased stroke volume and increased contractility Answer
3. Which of the following is not a result of activation of the intra-cardiac renin-angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) system?
a. Cardiac remodeling b. Progressive hyperplasia c. Progressive hypertrophy d. Fibrosis Answer
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4. Which of the following regarding ADH (vasopressin) is true? a. ADH is released from the anterior pituitary b. Mediates potent vasodilation via V1 receptors in the blood vessels c. Mediates increased insertion of aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts via V2 receptors d. Release is triggered by increased effective circulating volumeAnswer
5. Which of the following is true regarding catecholamine toxicity to the heart?
a. Decreases the myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) b. Causes an intracellular calcium overloadc. Slows the heart rate d. Reduces the tendency toward arrhythmiaAnswer
6. Which of the following is false regarding the role of the vasculature in CHF?
a. Endothelins are potent vasoconstrictorsb. Nitric oxide (NO) is important in normal vasodilationc. CHF causes increased release of natriuretic peptides which originate predominantly from the endotheliumd. Endothelin release contributes to increased afterload Answer
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7. Which of the following is false regarding the long-term effects of TNF-a?a. Increases inotropy b. Drives cardiac remodeling c. Contributes to cachexia d. Increases inflammation Answer
8. Which of the following is true regarding the natriuretic peptides?
a. Contribute to balanced vasoconstriction b. Promotes sodium retention c. Increases vasopressin (ADH) release d. Antagonizes the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)Answer
9. A 4-year old neutered male DSH with a known history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, presents for an echocardiogram. You see this view, shown below, from an end-diastolic picture. How would you explain these findings?
a. There is concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, the hallmark finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy b. There is eccentric hypertophy of the right ventricle, which is a classic finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyc. There is concentric hypertrophy of the left atrium, which is the main diagnostic finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyd. There is eccentric hypertrophy of the right atrium, which is a less common finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyAnswer
10. Which of the following is true regarding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?a. They directly block the sympathetic nervous systemb. Their use results in decreased plasma levels of angiotensin IIc. They are very potent diuretics and this accounts for most of their beneficial effect Answer
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