Anaphylaxis

What are anaphylaxis symptoms?

Symptoms can be different each time a person experiences an anaphylactic reaction. They may vary in severity each time. Once symptoms start, they usually progress quickly.

Symptoms usually involve two or more organ system of the body. These can include:

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• Skin: itching, redness, swelling, hives
• Mouth: swelling of lips, itchy throat, tongue
• Digestive: nausea, vomiting
• Respiratory: shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest pain and/or tightness
• Heart: drop in blood pressure, weak pulse, dizziness, faintness

While skin symptoms such as an itchy rash or hives are common, they do not always occur. Ten to 20 percent of the time, symptoms will occur with no skin symptoms.

What is the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?

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With an anaphylactic reaction, you will have symptoms involving two or more body systems at the same time. You may have all of the symptoms at the same time, and they gradually become more severe.

With an allergic reaction, you will have one type of symptom – either have a rash OR breathing problems OR have an upset stomach.

If you are not sure what your symptoms are, assume it’s an anaphylactic reaction. Remember, if you wait too long, you may not be able to stop severe symptoms.

How can you tell the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?

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You can have an allergic reaction that is not severe. Common symptoms of an allergic reaction include:

• Sneezing and itchy, stuffy or runny nose (allergic rhinitis)
• Itch around the nose, mouth, eyes or roof of mouth
• Itchy, red, watery or swollen eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
• Facial swelling, swollen lips, tongue (angioedema)
• Itchy skin
• Skin rashes (allergic contact dermatitis, eczema)
• Hives
• Cough
• Wheezing
• Breathing difficulties or shortness of breath
• Nausea and vomiting
• Asthma symptoms or asthma attack (if you have allergic asthma)

How can you tell if your throat is closing up?

You may suddenly feel that your throat is tight or you have difficulty swallowing. You may have a hoarse voice or feel like you can’t breathe in air. This is a sign of an emergency, so use epinephrine.

How long does anaphylaxis last?

Symptoms normally peak within a half-hour of exposure, but they can last for several hours. About 20% of the time, you can get your symptoms under control with a dose of epinephrine, but they may come back. This is what is known as a biphasic reaction – a second reaction. If you experience a biphasic reaction, you should seek emergency care after giving a second dose of epinephrine.

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